Dense breasts can make it harder to spot cancer on mammogram

(UPDATE) WHEN a woman has a mammogram, the most important finding is whether there's any sign of breast cancer.

The second most important finding is whether her breasts are dense.

Since early September, a new US rule requires mammography centers to inform women about their breast density — information that isn't entirely new for some women because many states already had similar requirements.

Here's what to know about why breast density is important.

Are dense breasts bad?

No, dense breasts are not bad. In fact, they're quite normal. About 40 percent of women ages 40 and older have dense breasts.

Women of all shapes and sizes can have dense breasts. It has nothing to do with breast firmness. And it only matters in the world of breast cancer screening, said Dr. Ethan Cohen of MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston.

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With the new rule, «there are going to be a lot of questions to a lot of doctors, and there's going to be a lot of Googling, which is OK. But we want to make sure that people don't panic,» Cohen said.

How is breast density determined?

Doctors who review mammograms have a system for classifying breast density.

There are four categories. The least dense category means the breasts are almost all fatty tissue. The most dense category means the breasts are mostly glandular and fibrous tissue.

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Breasts are considered dense in two of the four categories: «heterogeneously dense» or «extremely dense.» The other two categories are considered not dense.

Dr. Brian Dontchos of the Seattle-based Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center said the classification can vary depending on the doctor reading the mammogram «because it's somewhat subjective.»

Why am I being told I have dense breasts?

Two reasons: For one, dense breasts make it more difficult to see cancer on an X-ray image, which is what a mammogram is.

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«The dense tissue looks white on a mammogram, and cancer also looks white on a mammogram,» said Dr. Wendie Berg of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and chief scientific adviser to DenseBreast-info.org. «It's like trying to see a snowball in a blizzard.»

Second, women with dense breast tissue are at a slightly higher risk of